Researchers have developed a new model that can explain the endless expansion and contraction of the Universe.
The new model is a cyclic model that has been proposed by Dr. Paul Frampton, Louis J. Rubin Jr. distinguished professor of physics in UNC’s College of Arts & Sciences, and co-author Lauris Baum, a UNC graduate student in physics.
This model is mainly based on four phases that are known as Expansion, Turnaround, Contraction and Bounce.
The initial state is Expansion. During this phase the dark energy causes the universe to expand at an accelerated rate and pushes all matter so far apart that the dark energy does not interact with each other. This makes all matter disintegrate till a point which is called Turnaround.
At Turnaround each fragment that has been formed as a result of Expansion collapses and contracts individually instead of pulling back as a reversal of the Big Bang. One of these patches forms our Universe.
This process continued for a number of times so we cannot say the Start and End of time. That means there is no Big Bang.
According to the second law of thermodynamics Entropy can not be created and destroyed. This means that when the Entropy of the Universe is increasing the Universe will also increase with each oscillation. That can be compared to a runaway snowball. Each subsequent oscillation is longer than the previous one. But this theory can also lead to a Big Bang as all earlier oscillations were much shorter.
The researchers then again avoid the Big Bang theory by saying that at the turnaround all the remaining entropy was too remote for an interaction. And all the patches became separate Universes. Each of these then contracted without matter and Entropy.
Researchers have also made an assumption that the dark energy’s equation of state is always less than -1. This negative equation of state gives the researchers a way to stop the universe from blowing itself apart after some more expansion cycles. The researchers also said that when the density of dark energy becomes equal to the density of the Universe then the Universe will stop expanding.
Via: physorg
